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john brown

  • 1 John Brown University

    University: JBU

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > John Brown University

  • 2 Brown

    m.
    1 Brown, John Brown.
    2 Brown, Robert Brown.
    3 Brown.

    Spanish-English dictionary > Brown

  • 3 Biles, Sir John Harvard

    SUBJECT AREA: Ports and shipping
    [br]
    b. 1854 Portsmouth, England
    d. 27 October 1933 Scotland (?)
    [br]
    English naval architect, academic and successful consultant in the years when British shipbuilding was at its peak.
    [br]
    At the conclusion of his apprenticeship at the Royal Dockyard, Portsmouth, Biles entered the Royal School of Naval Architecture, South Kensington, London; as it was absorbed by the Royal Naval College, he graduated from Greenwich to the Naval Construction Branch, first at Pembroke and later at the Admiralty. From the outset of his professional career it was apparent that he had the intellectual qualities that would enable him to oversee the greatest changes in ship design of all time. He was one of the earliest proponents of the revolutionary work of the hydrodynamicist William Froude.
    In 1880 Biles turned to the merchant sector, taking the post of Naval Architect to J. \& G. Thomson (later John Brown \& Co.). Using Froude's Law of Comparisons he was able to design the record-breaking City of Paris of 1887, the ship that started the fabled succession of fast and safe Clyde bank-built North Atlantic liners. For a short spell, before returning to Scotland, Biles worked in Southampton. In 1891 Biles accepted the Chair of Naval Architecture at the University of Glasgow. Working from the campus at Gilmorehill, he was to make the University (the oldest school of engineering in the English-speaking world) renowned in naval architecture. His workload was legendary, but despite this he was admired as an excellent lecturer with cheerful ways which inspired devotion to the Department and the University. During the thirty years of his incumbency of the Chair, he served on most of the important government and international shipping committees, including those that recommended the design of HMS Dreadnought, the ordering of the Cunarders Lusitania and Mauretania and the lifesaving improvements following the Titanic disaster. An enquiry into the strength of destroyer hulls followed the loss of HMS Cobra and Viper, and he published the report on advanced experimental work carried out on HMS Wolf by his undergraduates.
    In 1906 he became Consultant Naval Architect to the India Office, having already set up his own consultancy organization, which exists today as Sir J.H.Biles and Partners. His writing was prolific, with over twenty-five papers to professional institutions, sundry articles and a two-volume textbook.
    [br]
    Principal Honours and Distinctions
    Knighted 1913. Knight Commander of the Indian Empire 1922. Master of the Worshipful Company of Shipwrights 1904.
    Bibliography
    1905, "The strength of ships with special reference to experiments and calculations made upon HMS Wolf", Transactions of the Institution of Naval Architects.
    1911, The Design and Construction of Ships, London: Griffin.
    Further Reading
    C.A.Oakley, 1973, History of a Facuity, Glasgow University.
    FMW

    Biographical history of technology > Biles, Sir John Harvard

  • 4 Stevens, John

    [br]
    b. 1749 New York, New York, USA
    d. 6 March 1838 Hoboken, New Jersey, USA
    [br]
    American pioneer of steamboats and railways.
    [br]
    Stevens, a wealthy landowner with an estate at Hoboken on the Hudson River, had his attention drawn to the steamboat of John Fitch in 1786, and thenceforth devoted much of his time and fortune to developing steamboats and mechanical transport. He also had political influence and it was at his instance that Congress in 1790 passed an Act establishing the first patent laws in the USA. The following year Stevens was one of the first recipients of a US patent. This referred to multi-tubular boilers, of both watertube and firetube types, and antedated by many years the work of both Henry Booth and Marc Seguin on the latter.
    A steamboat built in 1798 by John Stevens, Nicholas J.Roosevelt and Stevens's brother-in-law, Robert R.Livingston, in association was unsuccessful, nor was Stevens satisfied with a boat built in 1802 in which a simple rotary steam-en-gine was mounted on the same shaft as a screw propeller. However, although others had experimented earlier with screw propellers, when John Stevens had the Little Juliana built in 1804 he produced the first practical screw steamboat. Steam at 50 psi (3.5 kg/cm2) pressure was supplied by a watertube boiler to a single-cylinder engine which drove two contra-rotating shafts, upon each of which was mounted a screw propeller. This little boat, less than 25 ft (7.6 m) long, was taken backwards and forwards across the Hudson River by two of Stevens's sons, one of whom, R.L. Stevens, was to help his father with many subsequent experiments. The boat, however, was ahead of its time, and steamships were to be driven by paddle wheels until the late 1830s.
    In 1807 John Stevens declined an invitation to join with Robert Fulton and Robert R.Living-ston in their development work, which culminated in successful operation of the PS Clermont that summer; in 1808, however, he launched his own paddle steamer, the Phoenix. But Fulton and Livingston had obtained an effective monopoly of steamer operation on the Hudson and, unable to reach agreement with them, Stevens sent Phoenix to Philadelphia to operate on the Delaware River. The intervening voyage over 150 miles (240 km) of open sea made Phoenix the first ocean-going steamer.
    From about 1810 John Stevens turned his attention to the possibilities of railways. He was at first considered a visionary, but in 1815, at his instance, the New Jersey Assembly created a company to build a railway between the Delaware and Raritan Rivers. It was the first railway charter granted in the USA, although the line it authorized remained unbuilt. To demonstrate the feasibility of the steam locomotive, Stevens built an experimental locomotive in 1825, at the age of 76. With flangeless wheels, guide rollers and rack-and-pinion drive, it ran on a circular track at his Hoboken home; it was the first steam locomotive to be built in America.
    [br]
    Bibliography
    1812, Documents Tending to Prove the Superior Advantages of Rail-ways and Steam-carriages over Canal Navigation.
    He took out patents relating to steam-engines in the USA in 1791, 1803, and 1810, and in England, through his son John Cox Stevens, in 1805.
    Further Reading
    H.P.Spratt, 1958, The Birth of the Steamboat, Charles Griffin (provides technical details of Stevens's boats).
    J.T.Flexner, 1978, Steamboats Come True, Boston: Little, Brown (describes his work in relation to that of other steamboat pioneers).
    J.R.Stover, 1961, American Railroads, Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
    Transactions of the Newcomen Society (1927) 7: 114 (discusses tubular boilers).
    J.R.Day and B.G.Wilson, 1957, Unusual Railways, F.Muller (discusses Stevens's locomotive).
    PJGR

    Biographical history of technology > Stevens, John

  • 5 Titt, John Wallis

    [br]
    b. 1841 Cheriton, Wiltshire, England
    d. May 1910 Warminster, Wiltshire, England
    [br]
    English agricultural engineer and millwright who developed a particular form of wind engine.
    [br]
    John Wallis Titt grew up on a farm which had a working post-mill, but at 24 years of age he joined the firm of Wallis, Haslam \& Stevens, agricultural engineers and steam engine builders in Basingstoke. From there he went to the millwrighting firm of Brown \& May of Devizes, where he worked for five years.
    In 1872 he founded his own firm in Warminster, where his principal work as an agricultural engineer was on hay and straw elevators. In 1876 he moved his firm to the Woodcock Ironworks, also in Warminster. There he carried on his work as an agricultural engineer, but he also had an iron foundry. By 1884 the firm was installing water pumps on estates around Warminster, and it was about that time that he built his first wind engines. Between 1884 and 1903, when illness forced his retirement, his wind engines were built primarily with adjustable sails. These wind engines, under the trade marks "Woodcock" and "Simplex", consisted of a lattice tower with the sails mounted on a a ring at the top. The sails were turned to face the wind by means of a fantail geared to the ring or by a wooden vane. The important feature lay in the sails, which were made of canvas on a wood-and-iron frame mounted in a ring. The ends of the sail frames were hinged to the sail circumferences. In the middle of the sail a circular strap was attached so that all the frames had the same aspect for a given setting of the bar. The importance lies in the adjustable sails, which gave the wind engine the ability to work in variable winds.
    Whilst this was not an original patent of John Wallis Titt, he is known to be the only maker of wind engines in Britain who built his business on this highly efficient form of sail. In design terms it derives from the annular sails of the conventional windmills at Haverhill in Suffolk and Roxwell in Essex. After his retirement, his sons reverted to the production of the fixed-bladed galvanized-iron wind engine.
    [br]
    Further Reading
    J.K.Major, 1977, The Windmills of John Wallis Titt, The International Molinological Society.
    E.Lancaster Burne, 1906, "Wind power", Cassier' Magazine 30:325–6.
    KM

    Biographical history of technology > Titt, John Wallis

  • 6 джон браун

    сёстры Браун — the Miss Browns, the Misses Brown

    некий г-н Браун; некто Браун — a certain Brown

    Русско-английский большой базовый словарь > джон браун

  • 7 اسم

    اِسْم \ name: the word by which sb. or sth. is known: His name is Peter Scott. Every known creature has a scientific name. noun: a word that is the name of a person, thing, quality, idea, etc.: ‘cat’, ‘vegetable’ and ‘glass’ are nouns, but ‘accept’ and ‘beautiful’ are not. \ اِسْم الأُسرة \ surname: family name: John Smith’s surname is Smith. \ اِسْم أُسْرَة الزوجَة قبل الزَّواج \ maiden name: a woman’s family name before marriage (when she takes her husband’s family name): Mrs Brown’s maiden name was Scott. \ اِسْم أو تَوْقيع شَخْص كَتَبَه بِنَفسِه \ autograph: the signed name of a (famous) person. \ الاسم الأوّل \ Christian name: one’s first name(s): John Brown’s Christian name is John; his surname (family name) is Brown. \ اِسْم الفَاعِل أو المَفْعول (صِيغَة)‏ \ participle: a verbal adjective: The present participle of ‘annoy’ is ‘annoying’ as in ‘He is an annoying man’. The past participle of ‘break’ is ‘broken’ as in ‘It is a broken cup’. \ اِسْم مُسْتَعَار \ alias: a name used instead of one’s real name: Many thieves have an alias. His name is Smith, alias Brown. pseudonym: a name that is used by a writer instead of his real name. \ اِسم مَوْصُول \ relative: (pronoun, in the study of a language; of a pronoun or adverb) related to a noun before it, which it describes; the word which in the last sentence is a relative pronoun describing noun. \ أسْمَال بالية \ rag: torn and dirty clothes: The poor girl was dressed in rags. tatters.

    Arabic-English dictionary > اسم

  • 8 forfatter

    sg - forfátteren, pl - forfáttere
    писа́тель м, а́втор м
    * * *
    author, novelist, writer
    * * *
    (en -e)
    ( især: til bestemt(e) værk(er)) author ( fx the classical authors; a well-known author),
    ( mere generelt) writer ( fx he decided to become a writer);
    [ han er forfatter til] he is the author of;
    [ forfatteren John Brown] the author, John Brown; John Brown, the author.

    Danish-English dictionary > forfatter

  • 9 centro multimedia

    (n.) = library media centre, media centre
    Ex. The two had spent almost an hour in an informal discussion of various matters that came within his jurisdiction as head of the library media center at John Brown Junior High School in Los Pasos.
    Ex. He graduated from library school a year and a half ago, and served a one year stint as an assistant media specialist in a middle school media center = El se graduó en biblioteconomía hace un año y medio y durante un año trabajó como auxiliar especialista en multimedia en un centro multimedia de una escuela secundaria.
    * * *
    (n.) = library media centre, media centre

    Ex: The two had spent almost an hour in an informal discussion of various matters that came within his jurisdiction as head of the library media center at John Brown Junior High School in Los Pasos.

    Ex: He graduated from library school a year and a half ago, and served a one year stint as an assistant media specialist in a middle school media center = El se graduó en biblioteconomía hace un año y medio y durante un año trabajó como auxiliar especialista en multimedia en un centro multimedia de una escuela secundaria.

    Spanish-English dictionary > centro multimedia

  • 10 instituto

    m.
    1 institute.
    2 high school (centro) (de enseñanza secundaria). (peninsular Spanish)
    instituto de belleza beauty salon
    3 institution.
    * * *
    1 (asociación) institute
    2 EDUCACIÓN state secondary school, US high school
    \
    instituto de bachillerato state secondary school, US high school
    instituto de belleza beauty salon
    instituto de enseñanza media state secondary school, US high school
    Instituto Nacional de la Vivienda ≈ Ministry of Housing
    * * *
    noun m.
    * * *
    SM
    1) (=organismo) institute, institution

    los institutos armados — the army, the military

    instituto de belleza — Esp beauty parlour, beauty parlor (EEUU)

    Instituto Nacional de Empleo (INEM) — ≈ Department of Employment

    Instituto Nacional de Industria (INI) — Esp ( Hist) ≈ Board of Trade

    2) Esp (Educ) ≈ secondary school (Brit), ≈ high school (EEUU)

    Instituto de Enseñanza Secundaria — ≈ (state) secondary school (Brit), ≈ high school (EEUU)

    Instituto Nacional de Bachillerato — ≈ (state) secondary school (Brit), ≈ high school (EEUU)

    3) (=regla) [gen] principle, rule; (Rel) rule
    * * *
    masculino institute
    * * *
    = High (School), high school, institute, college, grammar school.
    Ex. The article 'Why girls flock to Sweet Valley High' investigates the appeal to girls of adolescent romances and what, if anything, could be done to broaden the reading habits of such fans of formula fiction.
    Ex. The two had spent almost an hour in an informal discussion of various matters that came within his jurisdiction as head of the library media center at John Brown Junior high school in Los Pasos.
    Ex. The offenders vary from forgetful lecturers to a student who lost the books and cannot pay the fine, to a student who had torn out pages from a book and now faces an expulsion from the institute.
    Ex. Special colleges were established offering technical and practical programs for farmers and laborers.
    Ex. Even so, school library provision has been improved and increased out of all recognition since the days when only the long established grammar schools and public schools had libraries of their own.
    ----
    * Instituto Americano de Documentación (ADI) = American Documentation Institute (ADI).
    * Instituto Australiano de Bibliotecarios (IAB) = Australian Institute of Librarians (AIL).
    * Instituto de Cartografía Americano = US Geological Survey (USGS).
    * Instituto de Cartografía Británico = Ordnance Survey.
    * Instituto de Cartografía Estatal = State Geological Survey.
    * instituto de desarrollo = development institute.
    * instituto de enseñanza secundaria = secondary school.
    * instituto de estadística = statistical institute.
    * instituto de formación profesional = technical school.
    * Instituto de Información Científica (ISI) = Institute of Scientific Information (ISI).
    * instituto de investigación = research institute.
    * Instituto Nacional de la Salud (INSALUD) = National Institutes of Health (NIH).
    * instituto para el desarrollo = development institute.
    * instituto para la investigación y el desarrollo = research and development institute.
    * * *
    masculino institute
    * * *
    = High (School), high school, institute, college, grammar school.

    Ex: The article 'Why girls flock to Sweet Valley High' investigates the appeal to girls of adolescent romances and what, if anything, could be done to broaden the reading habits of such fans of formula fiction.

    Ex: The two had spent almost an hour in an informal discussion of various matters that came within his jurisdiction as head of the library media center at John Brown Junior high school in Los Pasos.
    Ex: The offenders vary from forgetful lecturers to a student who lost the books and cannot pay the fine, to a student who had torn out pages from a book and now faces an expulsion from the institute.
    Ex: Special colleges were established offering technical and practical programs for farmers and laborers.
    Ex: Even so, school library provision has been improved and increased out of all recognition since the days when only the long established grammar schools and public schools had libraries of their own.
    * Instituto Americano de Documentación (ADI) = American Documentation Institute (ADI).
    * Instituto Australiano de Bibliotecarios (IAB) = Australian Institute of Librarians (AIL).
    * Instituto de Cartografía Americano = US Geological Survey (USGS).
    * Instituto de Cartografía Británico = Ordnance Survey.
    * Instituto de Cartografía Estatal = State Geological Survey.
    * instituto de desarrollo = development institute.
    * instituto de enseñanza secundaria = secondary school.
    * instituto de estadística = statistical institute.
    * instituto de formación profesional = technical school.
    * Instituto de Información Científica (ISI) = Institute of Scientific Information (ISI).
    * instituto de investigación = research institute.
    * Instituto Nacional de la Salud (INSALUD) = National Institutes of Health (NIH).
    * instituto para el desarrollo = development institute.
    * instituto para la investigación y el desarrollo = research and development institute.

    * * *
    instituto (↑ instituto a1)
    institute
    Compuestos:
    ( Esp) beauty parlor*
    (en Esp) secondary school
    ( Esp) high school ( AmE), secondary school ( BrE)
    In Spain, a center of secondary education providing ESO - Educación Secundaria Obligatoria (↑ ESO a1), Bachillerato (↑ bachillerato a1). Institutos are part of the state school system so are free of charge.
    * * *

     

    instituto sustantivo masculino
    institute;

    instituto sustantivo masculino
    1 (institución cultural) institute
    2 Educ state secondary school, US high school 3 instituto de belleza, beauty parlour o salon

    ' instituto' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    cátedra
    - catedrática
    - catedrático
    - echar
    - geográfica
    - geográfico
    - INEM
    - Insalud
    - INSERSO
    - secundaria
    English:
    at
    - attend
    - college
    - comprehensive school
    - grammar school
    - high school
    - homecoming
    - institute
    - National Trust
    - old
    - prep school
    - school
    - schoolmaster
    - schoolmistress
    - schoolteacher
    - secondary school
    - comprehensive
    - high
    - secondary
    - stamp
    - teacher
    - technical
    * * *
    1. [corporación] institute
    Instituto Cervantes = organization that promotes Spain and its language in the rest of the world, Br ≈ British Council;
    Instituto Nacional de Meteorología = Spanish national weather forecasting agency, Br ≈ Met Office
    2. Esp [militar]
    el instituto de la Guardia Civil the Civil Guard, = armed Spanish police force who patrol rural areas and highways, and guard public buildings in cities and police borders and coasts
    3. Esp [colegio] high school;
    Antes
    Instituto (Nacional) de Bachillerato o [m5] Enseñanza Media = state secondary school for 14-18-year-olds, US ≈ Senior High School
    instituto de Formación Profesional technical college
    4. [salón] instituto de belleza beauty salon;
    instituto capilar hair clinic
    * * *
    m
    1 institute
    2 Esp
    high school, Br
    secondary school
    * * *
    : institute
    * * *
    1. (organización) institute
    2. (de enseñanza) secondary school

    Spanish-English dictionary > instituto

  • 11 secolo

    m century
    ti ho aspettato un secolo! I waited hours for you!
    * * *
    secolo s.m.
    1 century: a un secolo dalla sua morte, a century after his death; la fine, il principio del secolo, the end, the beginning of the century; quel poeta visse a cavallo tra la fine del secolo scorso e l'inizio del nostro secolo, that poet lived around the turn of the century; visse a cavallo tra il XVIII e il XIX secolo, he lived in the late 18th and early 19th century; fino al XV secolo, up to the 15th century; nel nostro secolo, in our century; per tre secoli, for three centuries // nel corso dei secoli, over the centuries // sembra un secolo che..., (fam.) it seems ages since... // sono secoli, è un secolo che non lo vedo, I have not seen him for ages; è un secolo che ti aspetto, I've been waiting for you for ages // non mi divertivo così da secoli, I haven't enjoyed myself so much for ages // l'avvenimento del secolo, the event of the century; il cancro è il male del ( nostro) secolo, cancer is the disease of our century; il male del secolo, (fig.) mal du siècle // andare col secolo, to be born at the beginning of the century
    2 ( tempo, epoca) age, epoch, time: il secolo in cui viviamo, the age (o the century) we live in; il grande secolo di Augusto in Roma, the great Augustan Age in Rome; il secolo di Luigi XIV, the age of Louis XIV; il secolo delle macchine, the machine age; le meraviglie del nostro secolo, the wonders of our age // il secolo d'oro delle arti, the Golden Age of Art // dal principio dei secoli, from time immemorial // fino alla fine dei secoli, to the end of time // nella notte dei secoli, in remote antiquity // per tutti i secoli dei secoli, world without end
    3 ( mondo, cose mondane) world; things mundane (pl.): ritirarsi dal secolo, to withdraw from the world (o worldly life) // Padre Pietro, al secolo John Brown, Father Peter, in the world John Brown; Totò, al secolo Antonio de Curtis, Totò, whose real name was Antonio de Curtis.
    * * *
    ['sɛkolo]
    sostantivo maschile

    nel V secolo avanti, dopo Cristo — in the 5th century Before Christ, Anno Domini

    del secolo — colloq. [affare, idea] of the century

    2) fig.

    erano -i che non venivo qui — colloq. I hadn't been here for ages

    da -i — for ages o centuries

    4) relig.

    fino alla fine dei -i — bibl. till the end of time

    ••

    padre Giuseppe, al secolo Mario Rossi — padre Giuseppe, in the world Mario Rossi

    * * *
    secolo
    /'sεkolo/ ⇒ 19
    sostantivo m.
     1 century; nel V secolo avanti, dopo Cristo in the 5th century Before Christ, Anno Domini; l'arte del XVII secolo 17th-century art; nel secolo scorso in the last century; del secolo colloq. [affare, idea] of the century; vecchio di -i centuries-old
     2 fig. erano -i che non venivo qui colloq. I hadn't been here for ages; è un secolo che non vado al mare it's ages since I went to the seaside; da -i for ages o centuries
     3 (epoca) il secolo di Luigi XIV the age of Louis XIV; i -i futuri future ages; il secolo dei lumi the Age of the Enlightenment; i -i bui the Dark Ages; quest'opera rispecchia il gusto del secolo this work reflects the taste of its time
     4 relig. fino alla fine dei -i bibl. till the end of time
    al secolo in the world; padre Giuseppe, al secolo Mario Rossi padre Giuseppe, in the world Mario Rossi.

    Dizionario Italiano-Inglese > secolo

  • 12 شركة

    شَرِكَة \ business: a company; a shop: I have a small electrical business, employing ten men. company: a business; a firm: a trading company; John Brown and Company (usu. written as John Brown & Co.). \ شَرِكَة \ firm: a business company. \ See Also مؤَسَّسة تجاريّة \ شَرِكَة سفريّات مُنتظِمة \ line: a company that gives a regular service for long journeys by sea, air or road: a shipping line; an airline. \ شَرِكَة طَيَران \ airline: a company supplying public aeroplane travel services. \ شَرِكَة محدودة المَسْؤُولية \ limited company: (usu. shortened to Ltd., as in Longman Group Ltd.) a company whose shareholders’ duty (in regard to its debts) is limited to the amount of their shares.

    Arabic-English dictionary > شركة

  • 13 مؤسسة

    مُؤَسَّسَة \ establishment: a group of people working together; their place of work: The hotel has a large establishment of staff. institute: a group formed for some serious purpose (study, the interests of a skilled or learned class, etc.); the group’s offices or building: a workers’ evening institute; the Institute of Electrical Engineers. institution: a building that fills a social need (such as a hospital, a prison, a home for old people, or for children with no parents). \ مُؤَسَّسَة تِجَارِيَّة \ company: a business; a firm: a trading company; John Brown and Company (usu. written as John Brown & Co.). \ مُؤَسَّسَة تِجَارِيَّة خاصّة \ private enterprise: business that is not controlled by the government.

    Arabic-English dictionary > مؤسسة

  • 14 Christian name

    الاسم الأوّل \ Christian name: one’s first name(s): John Brown’s Christian name is John; his surname (family name) is Brown.

    Arabic-English glossary > Christian name

  • 15 business

    شَرِكَة \ business: a company; a shop: I have a small electrical business, employing ten men. company: a business; a firm: a trading company; John Brown and Company (usu. written as John Brown & Co.).

    Arabic-English glossary > business

  • 16 company

    شَرِكَة \ business: a company; a shop: I have a small electrical business, employing ten men. company: a business; a firm: a trading company; John Brown and Company (usu. written as John Brown & Co.).

    Arabic-English glossary > company

  • 17 company

    سَرِيَّة من الجَيْش \ company: a group (of soldiers, actors, etc.). \ See Also فِرْقَة \ مُؤَسَّسَة تِجَارِيَّة \ company: a business; a firm: a trading company; John Brown and Company (usu. written as John Brown & Co.).

    Arabic-English glossary > company

  • 18 Brearley, Harry

    SUBJECT AREA: Metallurgy
    [br]
    b. 18 February 1871 Sheffield, England
    d. 14 July 1948 Torquay, Devon, England
    [br]
    English inventor of stainless steel.
    [br]
    Brearley was born in poor circumstances. He received little formal education and was nurtured rather in and around the works of Thomas Firth \& Sons, where his father worked in the crucible steel-melting shop. One of his first jobs was to help in their chemical laboratory where the chief chemist, James Taylor, encouraged him and helped him fit himself for a career as a steelworks chemist.
    In 1901 Brearley left Firth's to set up a laboratory at Kayser Ellison \& Co., but he returned to Firth's in 1904, when he was appointed Chief Chemist at their Riga works, and Works Manager the following year. In 1907 he returned to Sheffield to design and equip a research laboratory to serve both Firth's and John Brown \& Co. It was during his time as head of this laboratory that he made his celebrated discovery. In 1913, while seeking improved steels for rifle barrels, he used one containing 12.68 per cent chromium and 0.24 per cent carbon, in the hope that it would resist fouling and erosion. He tried to etch a specimen for microscopic examination but failed, from which he concluded that it would resist corrosion by, for example, the acids encountered in foods and cooking. The first knives made of this new steel were unsatisfactory and the 1914–18 war interrupted further research. But eventually the problems were overcome and Brearley's discovery led to a range of stainless steels with various compositions for domestic, medical and industrial uses, including the well-known "18–8" steel, with 18 per cent chromium and 8 per cent nickel.
    In 1915 Brearley left the laboratory to become Works Manager, then Technical Director, at Brown Bayley's steelworks until his retirement in 1925.
    [br]
    Principal Honours and Distinctions
    Iron and Steel Institute Bessemer Gold Medal 1920.
    Bibliography
    Brearley wrote several books, including: 1915 (?), with F.Ibbotson, The Analysis of Steelworks Materials, London.
    The Heat Treatment of Tool Steels. Ingots and Ingot Moulds.
    Later books include autobiographical details: 1946, Talks on Steelmaking, American Society for Metals.
    1941, Knotted String: Autobiography of a Steelmaker, London: Longmans, Green.
    Further Reading
    Obituary, 1948, Journal of the Iron and Steel Institute: 428–9.
    LRD

    Biographical history of technology > Brearley, Harry

  • 19 Barnaby, Kenneth C.

    SUBJECT AREA: Ports and shipping
    [br]
    b. c.1887 England
    d. 22 March 1968 England
    [br]
    English naval architect and technical author.
    [br]
    Kenneth Barnaby was an eminent naval architect, as were his father and grandfather before him: his grandfather was Sir Nathaniel Barnaby KGB, Director of Naval Construction, and his father was Sydney W.Barnaby, naval architect of John I. Thornycroft \& Co., Shipbuilders, Southampton. At one time all three were members of the Institution of Naval Architects, the first time that this had ever occurred with three members from one family.
    Kenneth Barnaby served his apprenticeship at the Thornycroft shipyard in Southampton and later graduated in engineering from the Central Technical College, South Kensington, London. He worked for some years at Le Havre and at John Brown's shipyard at Clydebank before rejoining his old firm in 1916 as Assistant to the Shipyard Manager. In 1919 he went to Rio de Janeiro as a chief ship draughtsman, and finally he returned to Thornycroft, in 1924 he succeeded his father as Naval Architect, and remained in that post until his retirement in 1955, having been appointed a director in 1950.
    Barnaby had a wide knowledge and understanding of ships and ship design and during the Second World War he was responsible for much of the development work for landing craft, as well as for many other specialist ships built at the Southampton yard. His experience as a deep-sea yachtsman assisted him. He wrote several important books; however, none can compare with the Centenary Volume of the Royal Institution of Naval Architects. In this work, which is used and read widely to this day by naval architects worldwide, he reviewed every paper presented and almost every verbal contribution made to the Transactions during its one hundred years.
    [br]
    Principal Honours and Distinctions
    OBE 1945. Associate of the City and Guilds Institute. Royal Institution of Naval Architects Froude Gold Medal 1962. Honorary Vice-President, Royal Institution of Naval Architects 1960–8.
    Bibliography
    c.1900, Marine Propellers, London. 1949, Basic Naval Architecture, London.
    1960, The Institution of Naval Architects 1860–1960, London.
    FMW

    Biographical history of technology > Barnaby, Kenneth C.

  • 20 Джон Браун старший (отец - в отличие от сына) был занятым человеком

    General subject: John Brown Senior was a busy man

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > Джон Браун старший (отец - в отличие от сына) был занятым человеком

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